![]() The systems used greatly depend on the climate and available land of the region in which the farm is situated. These cattle are generally lower in milk production and are herded multiple times daily to be milked. ![]() In extensive systems, cattle are mainly outside on pasture for most of their lives. These cattle are tethered within their stalls with free access to water and feed provided. In a tie-stall system, the milking units are brought to the cows during each milking. Free stall-style barns involve cattle loosely housed where they can have free access to feed, water, and stalls, but are moved to another part of the barn to be milked multiple times a day. These cows are housed indoors throughout their lactation and may be put to pasture during their 60-day dry period before ideally calving again. This involves formulating their diet to provide ideal nutrition and housing the cows in a confinement system such as free stall or tie stall. Intensive systems focus towards maximum production per cow in the herd. ĭairy farming, like many other livestock-rearing methods, can be split into intensive and extensive management systems. The top breed of dairy cow within Canada's national herd category is Holstein, taking up 93% of the dairy cow population, have an annual production rate of 10,257 kilograms (22,613 pounds) of milk per cow that contains 3.9% butter fat and 3.2% protein. dairy farms-about 13 million fewer than there were in 1950. The United States dairy herd produced 84.2 billion kilograms (185.7 billion pounds) of milk in 2007, up from 52.9 billion kilograms (116.6 billion pounds) in 1950, yet there were only about 9 million cows on U.S. In New Zealand, the average herd has more than 375 cows, while in Australia, there are approximately 220 cows in the average herd. The United Kingdom dairy herd overall has nearly 1.5 million cows, with about 100 head reported on an average farm. The number of small herds is falling rapidly with the 3,100 herds with over 500 cows producing 51% of U.S. The United States has an estimated 9 million cows in around 75,000 dairy herds, with an average herd size of 120 cows. Herd sizes vary around the world depending on landholding culture and social structure. Management Cows on a dairy farm in Maryland, U.S.ĭairy cows may be found either in herds or dairy farms, where dairy farmers own, manage, care for, and collect milk from them, or on commercial farms. Today, the bovine industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk. Historically, little distinction was made between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production. Dairy cattle generally are of the species Bos taurus. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī Holstein cow with prominent udder and less muscle than is typical of beef breedsĭairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.
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